Astigmatism, often referred to as having “rugby ball-shaped eyes”, is a prevalent vision condition that affects millions globally, including a significant portion of the UK population.

While it’s not a disease, this refractive error can cause noticeable visual challenges, from blurred vision to eye strain. Thankfully, modern advancements in diagnostics and treatments offer effective solutions for managing or correcting astigmatism.

This article explores the causes, symptoms, and treatments of astigmatism, with a particular focus on UK-specific statistics and recommendations, providing a clear, SEO-friendly guide for those seeking answers.

What Is Astigmatism?

Astigmatism is a refractive error that occurs when the cornea or lens of the eye has an irregular shape. Unlike a perfectly spherical cornea that resembles a football, an astigmatic cornea takes on an oblong or rugby ball-like shape.

This irregular curvature affects how light enters the eye, preventing it from focusing evenly on the retina and leading to blurred or distorted vision.

What Causes Rugby Ball-Shaped Eyes?

Several factors contribute to the development of astigmatism, ranging from genetics to lifestyle habits.

Here’s an in-depth look at the main causes:

1. Genetics

Astigmatism often runs in families. If one or both parents have the condition, there’s a higher likelihood their children will inherit it. It is one of the most common hereditary vision conditions.

2. Corneal Trauma or Surgery

Injuries or surgeries that damage the cornea can alter its shape, resulting in astigmatism. For instance, surgical procedures like cataract surgery may occasionally induce mild astigmatism as a side effect.

3. Keratoconus

This progressive eye disease causes the cornea to thin and bulge into a cone shape, leading to severe astigmatism. Keratoconus requires specialised treatment, such as corneal cross-linking or transplantation.

4. Uneven Pressure on the Cornea

Prolonged eye rubbing or improper contact lens use can exert uneven pressure on the cornea, distorting its shape and worsening astigmatism over time.

Stat: In the UK, approximately 47% of adults with vision impairments have astigmatism in at least one eye, according to the College of Optometrists (source).

Symptoms of Rugby Ball-Shaped Eyes

The symptoms of astigmatism vary based on its severity. Common signs include:

• Blurred or Distorted Vision: Difficulty focusing on objects at all distances.
• Eye Strain and Fatigue: Discomfort after prolonged visual tasks, such as reading or screen use.
• Headaches: Caused by excessive effort to focus, particularly during intense concentration.
• Difficulty with Night Vision: Experiencing glare and halos around lights in dimly lit environments.
• Frequent Squinting: An unconscious attempt to improve focus and clarity.

Diagnosing Astigmatism: The Importance of Regular Eye Tests

Diagnosing astigmatism is straightforward and typically involves a routine eye examination.

Key diagnostic tools include:

1. Visual Acuity Test: Measures how well you can see letters or symbols on an eye chart from a distance.
2. Keratometry: Evaluates the curvature of the cornea using a specialized instrument.
3. Refraction Test: Determines the lens prescription needed to correct your vision.

Fact: The NHS recommends regular eye tests every two years, particularly for individuals over 40 or those with a family history of vision problems.

Advanced Treatments for Rugby Ball-Shaped Eyes

Astigmatism can be effectively managed or corrected through a range of treatments tailored to individual needs.

Here’s an overview:

1. Corrective Lenses

• Glasses: Specially designed lenses can compensate for the uneven curvature of the cornea, providing clear vision.
• Toric Contact Lenses: These lenses are custom-made for astigmatic eyes, offering a comfortable and sharper visual experience.

2. Laser Eye Surgery

Laser procedures, such as LASIK and PRK, reshape the cornea to correct its irregular curvature. This allows light to focus correctly on the retina, improving vision significantly.

Stat: Over 95% of laser eye surgery patients in the UK achieve 20/20 vision or better, according to the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (source).

3. Orthokeratology (Ortho-K)

This non-surgical method involves wearing rigid contact lenses overnight to temporarily reshape the cornea, providing clear vision during the day without the need for glasses or contact lenses.

4. Surgical Interventions

For severe cases, particularly those linked to keratoconus, surgical options include:

• Corneal Cross-Linking: Strengthens the cornea and prevents further distortion.
• Corneal Transplants: Replace the damaged cornea with a healthy donor cornea.

5. Implantable Collamer Lenses (ICL)

ICLs are surgically placed inside the eye to provide permanent vision correction. This procedure is particularly effective for treating high and extreme astigmatisms, as well as complex prescriptions, offering a long-lasting solution.

Living with Astigmatism: Practical Tips for Everyday Life

Astigmatism doesn’t have to interfere with your quality of life.

Here are some tips to manage its impact:

1. Schedule Regular Eye Tests: Stay updated on your eye health and address vision changes promptly.
2. Optimise Lighting Conditions: Work in well-lit environments to reduce eye strain.
3. Follow the 20-20-20 Rule: Look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds every 20 minutes while using screens.
4. Wear Protective Eyewear: Safeguard your eyes from injuries during sports or other physical activities.
5. Maintain Good Hygiene: If using contact lenses, follow proper cleaning and storage protocols to prevent infections.

Can Astigmatism Be Prevented?

While astigmatism caused by genetics cannot be prevented, there are steps you can take to minimise its progression:

• Avoid Eye Rubbing: This can weaken the cornea and exacerbate astigmatism.
• Use Contact Lenses Correctly: Improper use can distort the cornea’s shape over time.
• Protect Your Eyes: Wear safety goggles during activities that pose a risk of eye injury.

FAQs

1. Can children have astigmatism?

Yes, children can develop astigmatism. Early detection and treatment are crucial to avoid complications like amblyopia (lazy eye).

2. Is astigmatism permanent?

Astigmatism is generally stable but may change slightly with age. Treatments like glasses, contact lenses, or laser eye surgery offer long-term correction.

3. Does astigmatism worsen without treatment?

Mild cases may remain stable, but untreated severe astigmatism can lead to increased symptoms and eye strain over time.

4. Can I still wear contact lenses if I have astigmatism?

Yes, toric contact lenses are designed specifically for astigmatic eyes, offering clear and comfortable vision.

Conclusion

Astigmatism, commonly described as rugby ball-shaped eyes, is a widespread condition that can affect your vision clarity.

Fortunately, advancements in eye care have made diagnosing and treating astigmatism more effective than ever. Whether you choose glasses, contact lenses, or laser eye surgery, there are numerous options to suit your needs.

If you suspect you have astigmatism or experience symptoms like blurred vision or headaches, consult our clinic. With early diagnosis and the right treatment, you can enjoy clear and comfortable vision.

Stat: In the UK, regular eye tests and advancements in vision correction technology have helped thousands maintain optimal eye health and quality of life.